Digital images are represented by collections of small points called pixels. Therefore, you can not express finer than pixels.
Here, when drawing a circle filled with black on a small canvas of 20 * 20 pixels, it becomes as follows.
In this way, trying to represent a circle with only one color black, the circumference of the circle becomes jagged.
So let’s make this pixel “gray” because this pixel is “half covered” … this pixel is “covered by 1/4” so it is light gray, and so on … What would be the case when drawing colors with the pixel colors adjusted according to the area?
In this way, you can draw a much cleaner circle than the previous black one color.
This process is called anti-aliasing.